In short
Nausea affects 25 to 44% of people in GLP-1 obesity trials, according to the 2025 nutrition advisory. It is more common early in treatment and when the dose goes up, then often eases. What helps: small meals every 3 to 4 hours, avoiding large or fatty meals, staying hydrated, and trying ginger or peppermint tea. Severe, persistent abdominal pain, repeated vomiting or signs of dehydration mean you should get help right away.
Digestive side effects are the main reason people find GLP-1s hard. They are common, usually temporary and often manageable. Here is what the data say, followed by practical strategies.
In this article
How common is it?
The 2025 joint advisory in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition summarizes side effects seen in the major obesity trials, with follow-up of up to 68 weeks for semaglutide and 72 weeks for tirzepatide, at the doses studied for weight management.
| Side effect | Semaglutide | Placebo | Tirzepatide | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | 44% | 16% | 28% | 8% |
| Diarrhea | 30% | 16% | 23% | 8% |
| Vomiting | 24% | 6% | 13% | 2% |
| Constipation | 24% | 11% | 11% | 5% |
| Abdominal pain | 20% | 10% | 10% | 5% |
| Fatigue | 11% | 5% | 7% | 3% |
According to the same document, fewer than 10% of participants stopped treatment because of digestive side effects. A 2025 network meta-analysis (39 studies, over 33,000 people without diabetes) confirms that nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation are the most common digestive effects of this drug class.
Why it happens
GLP-1s slow stomach emptying and act on appetite centres in the brain. That is partly what creates fullness, but also what can cause nausea, reflux and constipation, especially when you eat too much or too much fat at once.
For nausea
The 2025 advisory notes that nausea often occurs in the morning or after long periods without eating, and describes a vicious circle: you do not eat because you feel sick, which makes the nausea worse.
Recommended strategies
- Have a small breakfast, then small meals every 3 to 4 hours
- Drink enough throughout the day, in small sips
- Avoid large meals and very fatty foods, especially in the first days
- Try ginger or peppermint tea
- Limit alcohol, which can worsen nausea and reflux
- Stop eating at the first signs of fullness
If nausea persists, your doctor or pharmacist can suggest an anti-nausea medication suited to your situation or review how quickly your dose is increased. Do not change your dose yourself.
For constipation
The 2025 advisory recommends managing constipation proactively, because it is common with weight loss and can even lead to reactive diarrhea.
- Drink enough fluids.
- Increase dietary fibre gradually, for example with prunes or other dried fruit.
- Move: a walk after meals helps.
- Foods high in protein or fat slow stomach emptying further: if constipation is significant, it may help to adjust them temporarily, without neglecting your protein needs (see protein on Ozempic).
If these steps are not enough, ask your pharmacist: several over-the-counter products exist, but the right choice depends on your health and other medications.
For diarrhea
Avoid large or high-fat meals, stay well hydrated and talk to your pharmacist if diarrhea lasts. Dehydration is the main risk: the 2025 advisory notes reports of kidney injury linked to dehydration from nausea and vomiting, especially when starting treatment or increasing the dose.
Keep a simple symptom diary
During the first weeks, and after each dose increase, a simple diary is very helpful at your next appointment. Each day, note:
- the time and content of your meals, even small ones;
- when nausea, reflux or pain shows up;
- what you drank during the day;
- your bowel movements (how often, consistency);
- your energy and, if you have diabetes, your blood sugar.
Within two weeks, patterns often emerge: nausea after a fattier meal, constipation on days you drink little, fatigue on days you skip breakfast. Your doctor or pharmacist can then tailor their advice to facts rather than memories. Bring the diary, or a photo of it, to your appointment, along with the list of all your medications and supplements, so nothing is missed.
Warning signs
In its January 2026 advisory on fake or unauthorized GLP-1s, Health Canada points out that these drugs carry known risks even when genuine: serious gastrointestinal problems, pancreatitis, worsening kidney injury and low blood sugar.
Get help quickly if you have
- Severe, persistent abdominal pain that may spread to your back, with or without vomiting
- Repeated vomiting that stops you keeping fluids down
- Signs of dehydration: dark or scanty urine, dizziness, a very dry mouth
- Shakiness, sweating or confusion (low blood sugar), especially if you also take insulin or another diabetes medication
- Pain in the upper right abdomen, fever or yellowing of the skin or eyes
In an emergency, call 911. For non-urgent questions, call 811 (in most provinces) or your pharmacist.
What if the symptoms come from a product bought online?
Products sold online without a prescription are not authorized and may be contaminated: in November 2026, Health Canada reported bacteria in injectable peptides, including unauthorized tirzepatide. If you used such a product and have symptoms, see a professional and bring the packaging. To understand the risks, read are peptides legal in Canada?.
Eating well despite it all
Nausea further reduces protein intake, which promotes muscle loss. Soft textures (yogurt, scrambled eggs, cottage cheese, lentil soup) are often better tolerated. See our guide to muscle loss on Ozempic. If side effects make you consider stopping, first read stopping Ozempic without regaining it all.
Talking about it with your pharmacist
Your pharmacist is often the easiest professional to reach. Bring your symptom diary and the list of everything you take, including over-the-counter products and supplements, because some can add to digestive side effects or interact with your treatment. Ask which warning signs should send you back to your prescriber, and which over-the-counter options are suitable for you. A short conversation can save you a lot of discomfort.
Frequently asked questions
How long does Ozempic nausea last?
According to the 2025 advisory, digestive side effects are most common in the first weeks and when the dose increases, then usually become less frequent and less severe once the dose is stable. How long it lasts varies from person to person.
Does ginger really help?
The 2025 advisory lists ginger or peppermint tea, as well as acupressure bands, among measures that can help. They are simple and low-risk, but if nausea persists, talk to your pharmacist.
Does tirzepatide cause less nausea than semaglutide?
In trials, nausea was reported less often with tirzepatide, but the 2025 advisory notes that these differences may reflect variations between trials rather than a true difference between the drugs.
Can I take an anti-nausea medication?
Yes, some can help while you adjust, but the choice belongs to your doctor or pharmacist based on your other medications and health.
Is constipation normal on a GLP-1?
It is common: 24% on semaglutide versus 11% on placebo in the trials summarized by the 2025 advisory. Fluids, gradually increased fibre and physical activity help. See a professional if it lasts or comes with pain.
Sources
- Mozaffarian D et al. Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr, 2025 (full text, PMC)
- Ismaiel A et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events of GLP-1 RAs in people without diabetes: network meta-analysis. Int J Obes, 2025 (PubMed)
- Health Canada. Thinking about buying GLP-1 drugs? Beware of fake or unauthorized products, January 2026
- Health Canada. Warning about contaminated injectable peptides, November 2026
- Wilding JPH et al. STEP 1 trial. NEJM, 2021
This article is for information only and does not replace advice from a health professional. Talk to your doctor, pharmacist or a registered dietitian before changing your treatment, diet or exercise.